Posts Tagged ‘banks’

Back in 1998 (through 2000 or so), I worked for a small company (called PaymentNet / then Signio) that handled online transactions. Verisign later purchased this company, and the product team I led integrated the “client” - the portion that took the credit card information and sent it to our servers for processing. The product name is Payflow Pro - maybe you’ve heard of it?

I’m going to limit this discussion to Visa / MasterCard credit cards — Amex and others operate slightly differently.

First, there is the bank that the consumer’s credit card is attached to. That bank is called the “acquiring institution” … it handles the “credit” you have on your credit card.

Then, there is the merchant bank. That’s where the business opens up a “merchant account” to be able to accept various forms of credit cards.

The merchant account is connected to another company called a “processor”. This “hidden” layer is the company that actually moves the funds from the acquiring institution to the merchant account (that process is called “settlement”). The processor also handles talking to the acquiring institution to make sure that the customer has the funds available (a process known as authorization).

Some well-known credit card processors are First Data Merchant Services (FDMS), Nova and PaymentTech.

Sitting on top of the processor is one of two primary systems either a swipe-card terminal (like those you see in Wal-Mart) or a “gateway” company that does basically the same thing, but over the Internet - that’s what Verisign Payment Services and Authorize.Net do.

Note that the waters are even muddier in many cases, for example, Wells Fargo can act as every piece of the puzzle in some circumstances.

So, what actually happens when you purchase something at Wal-Mart using a credit card?

a) You place your items from your “basket” onto the counter and scan them. the checkout system provides a total.

b) You swipe your card through a “terminal”, which reads the # off the magnetic stripe.

c) Wal-Mart dials their processor, and asks if you have the funds available on your credit card. The processor talks to your bank (the acquiring institution). If funds are available on the card, they are marked as “held” in your account (an authorization) - if not, the transaction is declined (yuk). Authorizations that are never settled tie up your credit card funds for a period of time, usually 10 days or so.

d) At the end of the day, Wal-Mart marks all the transactions they want to receive funds for, and submits them to their processor in a “batch”. The processor then contacts the acquiring institutions and transfers the funds to your merchant bank - which may make the funds available instantly (in a day or two), or may hold them for a while, or may hold the funds in a “rolling reserve” (keeping some funds held back in case a consumer fights the transaction, called a chargeback).

In the online world, replace the cash-register with an online shopping cart, and the electronic credit-card with terminal with called a “gateway” such as Payflow or Authorize.Net. the process is basically the same, with slightly more complexity.

Be careful going “a-la-carte” with ecommerce credit-card services: if the gateway you chose can’t talk to the processor your bank uses, or your software can’t talk to the gateway, you’re hosed. That situation was MUCH more common (things not working together) back in the mid/late 90’s than it is today. However, most “brick and mortar” banks (like your local branch) still don’t have a clue about online credit-card processing … if they attempt to sell you a “leased terminal”, it’s best to run the other way and find a solution from reputable online source.

As an online merchant looking to accept credit cards, all you really need to know is that all services purchased through a single solution will usually work together seemlessly.

Credit Card Services Review 2010. Thanks to http://www.nicktemple.com/

Banks evolved from the concept of a royal treasure room to a strong room where hired guards watched over valuables. Keeping assets safe was the principal cause.

The next major change in banking was the concept of charging interest for a loan. For the longest period of time, laws against Usury kept this from happening in Christian countries - an interpretation of the Bible forbade charging interest on loans. Later, this expanded to paying people interest to hold deposits within the bank.

There is no bank in the world that does not issue loans; it’s their primary reason for existence. Modern banks offer a wide array of loan products for every consumer (and business) need.

All of which comes at a nice interest though! Speaking for myself, my first relationship with a bank was when I opened my first savings account. But it has been the bank loans that have made me dependent on the bank for my survival.

Most people’s first experience with taking out a bank loan is for a car. Their second is for paying for a home, or as a student loan.

You see, it’s unlikely that anyone has money sitting around to buy a house for cash on the transaction. Most people lack the discipline to save money every month for a house when paying rent; this opens up the next kind of bank loan - the mortgage loan.

I myself could never have hoped to buy a condo without a bank loan. (Of course, it is another matter altogether that I will continue to pay this bank loan, with interest, for another fifteen years to come!) Even a mortgage is just another variety of a bank loan issued for housing purposes, with collateral attached.

There are also other types of bank loans issued for various purposes. A personal bank loan will enable you to buy a broad spectrum of goods or services. This sort of bank loan will come in handy for repairs, renovations, marriages, celebrations, events or any other expenses that you don’t have cash lying around for.

And then of course, there are student bank loans. There are bank loans that will help you buy a car. And again, there are bank loans that will help you buy computers, washing machines and other consumer goods.

The most common kind of bank loan is one you carry in your wallet. It’s your credit card. Yes, even a credit card is a bank loan. Many banks even offer consolidation loans to pay off your credit card debt.

Most loans issued worldwide to consumers are housing and mortgage loans. They’re a tiny fraction of the business debt market, where the entirety of the financial industry runs off of leveraging assets by taking out loans.

Whether it is a small business operated out of the home or a large business that needs millions of dollars in order to tide over a cash flow problem or to acquire assets, banks loans issued to businesses far outstrip individual bank loans.

One could go so far as to say that without bank loans, the vast majority of business worldwide would collapse. Small wonder then that banking, and by association investment, lending, finance and credit are the words that drive business in the modern day.

There is no need to continue ordering the same checks over and over again. Now you have thousands of designs at your fingertips. Express yourself by selecting custom, personalized bank checks that feature your favorite things to do or see. Do you love to travel? You can have different city checks. You can even show off your baby pictures or car. Now that’s pretty cool!

There are so many ways to customize your bank checks. Sports fans can choose their favorite college or professional team and even upload a picture of their favorite player. If you love flowers, there are hundreds of designs to choose from. You can even have a series of different designs making them your own.

You are completely covered if you love Disney movies. From Goofy to Mickey Mouse, Cinderella to Beauty and the Beast and everything in between, there is a design that will fit your personality and your passion.

One of the best part about checks is you can advertise your business. If you sell jewelry, you can either feature your company logo or a piece of jewelry on your checks. The options are unlimited when it comes to branding your business. Think about how many people see just one of your checks once it has been written. It’s also a great way to tell your customers what you stand for. Are you a green company? Order recycleable checks.

Some people who may have a personal connection with a charity may be interested in raising money with their checks. There are checks for many different causes that send a portion of their proceeds to help the charity. Personal checks are a new way of showing off your personality.

Considering that the credit card is not that old, it has become a huge financial success. In our lets-have-it-now society, the credit card has become a primary method of having whatever we want and paying for it later. Once considered the ultimate symbol of status the credit card is now available to almost the whole adult population.

In layman’s terms, a credit card allows a person to make purchases up to the limit set by the card issuer. Each month, the owner of the card can decide to pay an installment off the balance plus any interest or repay the owed amount in full. Normally this minimum payment is a percentage of the amount owed or a minimum amount set by the card issuers. Even though they will pay much more in the end, paying a regular monthly amount suits some individuals more so they are happy with the fact that they will pay more this way.

Since having a credit card is a responsibility, only those people who are of legal age and have the capability to pay off the amount they are going to spend through their credit card, is allowed to have one. There is something strange about using a credit card because you don’t actually see any money change hands which can lead to a false sense of how much has been spent.

Interest calculated on a credit card is either variable or fixed. Compared to variable rate cards where rate may be subject to change depends upon the credit card issuer’s discretion, fixed-rate carry higher interest rates. When a Charge Agreement method is used then the card user agrees to pay the full balance each month without incurring interest charges whereas the Installment Agreement is based on a monthly repayment. People that prefer to keep their finances separate from their partners may decide to use an individual credit card rather than a joint account.

Have you thought about your monthly spending on the card, the payments or even the annual fees because all these points need to be considered. Information from web sites can also be useful in your search for the ideal credit card. Comparisons are often available where they will give information on all the major, and minor, cards currently on the market; use this information to your advantage.

Regardless of the type of credit card you choose, be sure to discuss your specific financial needs with your financial advisor or accountant before applying for any credit card. You probably recognize many of the big credit card companies such as Chase Manhattan, MasterCard, HSBC, Bank of America and American Express although there are many more.

A credit card bearer should always have in mind that having a credit card is a big responsibility because if they don’t use it carefully, they may owe more than they can repay. At all costs, avoid the situation where you then have to spend time repairing your credit report.